25.03.2020
The Topic and Subject Particles
The topic particle is used to set the topic of the conversation. It is also used for comparisons and general statements. It can be represented as, "As for x," in English. When the noun it modifies ends in a consonant, use 은 and when it ends in a vowel, use 는. An example in Korean would be, "나는 김치를 좋아해." Hover over a sentence in any part of the website to see its translation.
The subject particle is used to mark the subject of the sentence or when asking questions. When the noun ends in a consonant, use 이 and if its ends in a vowel, use 가. Let's see it in use: "닐스가 먹어요."
25.03.2020
To Be and To Exist
In English, the word for equating things and for saying something exists is just the verb, "to be." In Korean, though, this is actually the job of too separate verbs.
The verb for equating two things is, "이다," and can be used like this: "그것은 고냥이 예요." Of course, you don't always want to say two things are equal. Maybe you want to say they aren't equal, in which case you use, "아니다." In a sentence, it would look like this: "그것은 고양이가 아니에요." Take note of the fact that "고냥이" has the subject marker after it.
The other function of the English verb, "to be," is to say something exists. In Korean, this is handled using the verb, "있다." For example, "그 학교에 있다." Yet again, you may want to say something DOESN'T exist, and to do that you use, "없다." We can use the earlier sentence here, too, "그는 학교에 없다."
25.03.2020
Formal and Casual Conversation
This one won't be going into detail on conjugations or anything, but just outlining when to use which and a bit of how to do each in general.
Casual form is used most commonly with several groups, namely: close friends of the same age or younger, boyfriend or girlfriend, children, family, animals, and people who give you permission to use casual. Casual form often uses slang and drops particles. Casual form also means you can use informal pronouns and you don't have to conjugate politely.
Formal form, on the other hand, is used in almost all other situations. Don't use slang or drop particles, use formal pronouns and polite particles, and conjugate verbs for formal form.
25.03.2020
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