25.03.2020
Present Tense Formal
To form the present tense formal, drop the, "다" and add, "니다." If it ends in a vowel, attach, "ㅂ" to the end of the syllable, then add, "니다." If it ends in a consonant, add, "습" before, "니다." Finally, if the syllable ends in, "ㄹ," drop it and continue as if it ended in a vowel. To learn when to use formal form, see the post on the grammar page. To see it in use, let's look at a sentence. "나가 먹습니다." Notice how, since it ended in a consonant, we added, "습" to the end.
26.03.2020
Questions Formal
This form is to conjugate for when asking questions formally. To do it, drop the, "다" from the formal form and replace it with, "까." A simple question/answer conversation might look like this:
A: 마십니까?
B: 네, 마십니다.
27.03.2020
The ~요 Form
I'm going to be completely honest I'm not sure how this works, but it seems to just be a casual manner of speaking that you may use with close friends or parents. This form is needed to conjugate verbs into other forms, not to mention its the most common form, so its pretty important. The form also has tons of exceptions, some of which I'll be putting here this time. So lets get started. Like always, start by dropping "다." If the last vowel in the word is, "ㅗ" or "ㅏ" add, "아" and if it ends in anything else, add "어." Then add, "요" to the end and it is complete. If you want to be even more casual, you don't have to add the, "요" at all. Now lets get into some exceptions. I'll add example sentences at the end.
If there is no final consonant on the stem, you can just combine the, "아" or "어" with the end of the stem. For example, "가다" turns into "가요," "오다" becomes "와요," "주다" turns into "줘요," and "마시다" goes to "마셔요"
If the final vowel is "ㅡ," go back another syllable. If it is the only syllable, remove the "ㅡ" and add "ㅓ" instead. For example, "바쁘다" would end up as, "바빠요" and "쓰다" would become "써요". Another thing, if the last syllable has "ㄹ" in it, attack it to the preceeding syllable and carry on. "모르다" would become "몰라요"
This one takes a bit more work. If it ends in "ㅂ," remove it and add "우" and conjugate normally. Let's walk through it step by step with the verb, "부럽다." First, you drop the "ㅂ" and add "우," making it "부러우." Then, because its final vowel is "ㅜ" we add "어" to the end, "부러우어", which combines into the previous syllable, since it has no final consonant, and add "요" to the end. Thus making it, "부러워요."
Finally, we have some specific examples of verbs with unique exceptions. Namely, "하다," "이다," and "아니다". We'll go in order, meaning "하다" is up first. "하다" simply just turns into, "해요." Unfortunately, the next two aren't as simple. "이다," when speaking more politely(as in, with "요" attached), becomes "이에요" when after a consonant, and "예요" after a vowel. When speaking more casually(dropeed "요"), it turns into "이야" after consonants, and "야" after a vowel. Finally, "아니다," which is a bit simpler than the previous one. When speaking more politely, use "아니에요," and if more casually, "아니야."
At last, we reach the end of this long lesson, where I will give some example sentences. I recommend practicing with making your own sentences too.
25.03.2020
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